![]() ![]() The word derived from Per Ao, meaning “The Great House” – the name given to the administration complex surrounding the royal court at Memphis. The term “pharaoh,” in fact, only came to be used to refer to the king much later on during the New Kingdom. ![]() Such was the awe in which the ruler was held, it was reported that during the 5th Dynasty a courtier by the name of Washptah was so overcome after kissing the feet of his pharaoh Neferirkare that he died – normally subjects were restricted to merely kissing the ground on which their king walked. Heading the military, legal and religious institutions of the state, the pharaoh of ancient Egypt was charged with the critical task of maintaining order and warding off chaos in the world, thereby ensuring the continued support of the ancient Egyptian gods. He bore the title of “King of Upper and Lower Egypt” and “Lord of the Two Lands,” and wore two crowns that symbolized the union of the two realms. onwards was believed to be the son of the sun god Ra, was the all-powerful ruler over the land and considered to be a direct link between his subjects and the gods. and ending with the last ancient Egyptian pharaoh, Nectanebo II, in 343 B.C. During this time a succession of 31 dynasties ruled the land, beginning with Menes himself in 3100 B.C. The pharaohs of ancient Egypt ruled over one of the oldest and most spectacular civilizations in the world, spanning an astonishing period of more than 3,000 years. The unification of Egypt laid the foundations of a single state, and gave birth to a new era – that of the pharaohs of ancient Egypt. King Menes subsequently established his capital at Memphis, which sat at the point where the Nile Valley meets the Delta, some 15 miles south of present-day Cairo. ![]() It was then that a powerful king by the name of Menes, the ruler of Upper Egypt, launched a military campaign and united the two kingdoms. In approximately 3100 B.C., an event occurred that would profoundly affect the future of the region. The newly-forged bonds gave rise to the creation of two new kingdoms, that of Lower Egypt, in the Nile Delta, with its capital at Buto, and that of Upper Egypt in the south, with its capital at Hieraconpolis. In time, these flourishing settlements, which originally had little mutual contact, began to establish strong links with each other. Climatic changes led to a process of desertification, and, in time, groups began to settle permanently along the waters of the river.īy around 4000 B.C., the Nile Valley and Delta were teeming with sedentary agricultural communities that had come to live in harmony with the river, waiting for the annual floods before planting their crops in the rich soil that lined its banks. Many thousands of years ago, Egypt was inhabited by nomadic tribes who foraged for food in the rich vegetation of the banks of the Nile, and who hunted the many wild animals that once thrived on the savannah plains that covered the region. ![]()
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